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Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus by
Ludwig Wittgenstein + comments by
Maarten Maartensz
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This "logical space" is a mere manner of speaking, but not a bad one, for it has at least the merit of making the point that a proposition means something only in some supposed domain, world, situation, universe of discourse - or indeed logical space. This must be somehow presupposed or given, and one important point about it is that generally there is more in it than the mere meaning of the proposition one considers. The rest of W.'s claim may be restated as: A proposition has a meaning only if there is supposed to be some domain of things and combinations of things or facts and some rule such that the proposition represents a (possible) fact in the domain. However, here again lies a subtle confusion hidden that also played a role later and with others: Such a domain or universe of discourse is arbitrary and is supplied when interpreting the proposition. It is arbitrary in that one may take a proposition to be about the real world, or an imagined world, say that of Homeros or a play of Shakespeare, and that the same proposition may mean different things in different supposed domains. Finally, the confusion
I mean is that very often - usually - the propositions people do use are far
clearer to them and others as regards to what they
mean than as regards to whether
what they mean is in fact so
in whatever domain someone may presuppose or suppose:
Meaning and
truth do not coincide, and what
one understands are meanings rather than truths, even if what is meant is known
to be true. (And incidentally: For
ordinary men, what people
believe is what they mean that
coincides with or seems supported by their
wishful thinking, but
this is an aside on the multitudes one should follow neither in evil, nor in
nonsense, nor in superstitions.) |